Synthesis and characterization of novel molybdovanadophosphoric acid supported kaolin hybrid catalyst for Chromotrope 2R dye degradation in water

Abstract The present study provides a complete perspective of recyclable molybdovanadophosphoric acid immobilized on kaolin (MVPA/Kaolin), hybrid material for catalytic degradation the dye, Chromotrope 2R in water under mild reaction conditions. Novel MVPA/Kaolin was synthesized with an advanced impregnation method. characterized PXRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, SEM–EDX, TEM, TGA, surface area, porosity, and 31 P NMR measurements. that can be classified as Keggin type catalyst, could used hydrogen peroxide oxidation aromatic azo (–N=N–) dyes –OH –SO 3 H functional groups. showed excellent conversion 99.1% optimum conditions normal pressure 60 °C temperature. Products like malonic oxalic have been identified final products GC–MS analysis. work has demonstrated application simple effective catalyst had reusability capacity up to six cycles without loss performance.